Miscibility of Fluids

beakers pouring liquid into another beaker
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If you add 50 mL of water to 50 mL of water you get 100 mL of water. Similarly, if you add 50 mL of ethanol (alcohol) to 50 mL of ethanol you get 100 mL of ethanol. But, if you mix 50 mL of water and 50 mL of ethanol you get approximately 96 mL of liquid, not 100 mL. Why?

The answer has to do with the different sizes of the water and ethanol molecules. Ethanol molecules are smaller than water molecules, so when the two liquids are mixed together the ethanol falls between the spaces left by the water. It's similar to what happens when you mix a liter of sand and a liter of rocks. You get less than two liters total volume because the sand fell between the rocks, right? Think of miscibility as "mixability" and it's easy to remember. Fluid volumes (liquids and gasses) aren't necessarily additive. Intermolecular forces (hydrogen bonding, London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces) also play their part in miscibility, but that's another story.

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Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. "Miscibility of Fluids." ThoughtCo, Aug. 27, 2020, thoughtco.com/miscibility-of-fluids-608180. Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. (2020, August 27). Miscibility of Fluids. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/miscibility-of-fluids-608180 Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. "Miscibility of Fluids." ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/miscibility-of-fluids-608180 (accessed March 19, 2024).