Irving Langmuir, (1881–1957), chemist, physicist
Antoine Lavoisier, (1743–1794), French chemist
Yuan T. Lee, (born 1936), 1986 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1838-1912) French chemist
Primo Levi, (1919–1987)
Gilbert N. Lewis, (1875–1946), American chemist, isolated heavy water
Henri Louis le Chatelier, (1850–1936)
Willard Libby (1908–1980), American chemist, 1960 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Justus von Liebig, (1803–1873), German inventor
Johann Josef Loschmidt (1821-1895) Austrian chemist
Martin Lowry, (1874–1936), British chemist
