Chemical Structures Starting with the Letter S

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Science
By
Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.
Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.
Chemistry Expert
  • Ph.D., Biomedical Sciences, University of Tennessee at Knoxville
  • B.A., Physics and Mathematics, Hastings College
Dr. Helmenstine holds a Ph.D. in biomedical sciences and is a science writer, educator, and consultant. She has taught science courses at the high school, college, and graduate levels.
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Updated on November 05, 2019

 Browse structures of molecules and ions that have names beginning with the letter S.

Sodium Nitrate Crystal

This is the ball and stick structure of a unit cell of a sodium nitrate crystal.
This is the ball and stick structure of a unit cell of a sodium nitrate crystal. Ben Mills

The formula of sodium nitrate is NaNO3.

Saccharose

This is the chemical structure of sucrose or saccharose.
This is the chemical structure of sucrose or saccharose. Todd Helmenstine

Saccharose is another name for sucrose or table sugar.

Salicylic Acid Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of salicylic acid.
This is the chemical structure of salicylic acid. Todd Helmenstine

The molecular formula for salicylic acid is C7H6O3.

Saponification Reaction

Saponification is the chemical reaction that produces soap.

Serine

This is the chemical structure of serine.
This is the chemical structure of serine. Todd Helmenstine

Seryl Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of the seryl amino acid radical.
This is the chemical structure of the seryl amino acid radical. Todd Helmenstine

The molecular formula for the seryl amino acid radical is C3H6NO2.

SEX

This is the chemical structure of SEX.
Sodium Ethyl Xanate This is the chemical structure of SEX (sodium ethyl xanthate). Todd Helmenstine

This is the chemical structure of SEX (sodium ethyl xanthate).

Molecular Formula: C3H5NaOS2

Molecular Mass: 144.19 Daltons

Systematic Name: Sodium O-ethyl carbonodithioate

Other Names: Carbonodithioic acid, O-ethyl ester, sodium salt, sodiumethylxanthogenate

Snoutane Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of snoutane.
This is the chemical structure of snoutane. Todd Helmenstine

The molecular formula for snoutane is C10H12.

Sodium Bicarbonate

Sodium Bicarbonate or Baking Soda
Sodium Bicarbonate or Baking Soda or Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate. Martin Walker

The molecular formula for sodium bicarbonate is CHNaO3.

Sodium Hydroxide

Space-filling model of sodium hydroxide.
Sodium hydroxide is also known as lye or caustic soda. Its molecular formula is NaOH. Ben Mills

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a strong base.

Solanidane

This is the chemical structure of solanidane.
This is the chemical structure of solanidane. Todd Helmenstine

The molecular formula for solanidane is C27H45N.

Soman

The nerve agent Soman, also known by its NATO designation GD (O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate), is a nerve agent that acts by inhibiting cholinesterase. wikipedia.org

Soman is a type of nerve gas.

Sparteine Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of sparteine.
This is the chemical structure of sparteine. Todd Helmenstine

The molecular formula for sparteine is C15H26N2.

Spirosolane Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of spirosolane.
This is the chemical structure of spirosolane. Todd Helmenstine

The molecular formula for spirosolane is C27H45NO.

Stachane Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of stachane. Todd Helmenstine

The molecular formula for stachane is C20H34.

Stereochemistry Example (Serine)

This stereo chemistry example shows the enantiomers of the amino acid serine.
This stereo chemistry example shows the enantiomers of the amino acid serine. Todd Helmenstine

Strychnidine Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of strychnidine. Todd Helmenstine

The molecular formula for strychnidine is C21H24N2O.

Styrene Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of styrene.
This is the chemical structure of styrene. Todd Helmenstine

The molecular formula for styrene is C8H8.

Succinate(1−) Anion Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of the succinate(1−) anion.
This is the chemical structure of the succinate(1−) anion. Todd Helmenstine

The molecular formula for the succinate(1−) anion is C4H5O4.

Sucrose Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of sucrose.
This is the chemical structure of sucrose. Todd Helmenstine

This is the chemical structure of sucrose.

Molecular Formula: C12H22N11

Molecular Mass: 342.30 Daltons

Systematic Name: β-D-Fructofuranosyl α-D-glucopyranoside

Other Names: granulated sugar
table sugar
α-D-Glucopyranoside de β-D-fructofuranosyle
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-{[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

Sulfate Ion

This is the chemical structure of the sulfate ion.
This is the chemical structure of the sulfate ion. Todd Helmenstine

The molecular formula for the sulfate ion is O4S2-.

Sulfite Anion Chemical Structure

The molecular formula for the sulfite anion is SO32-.

Sulfur Dioxide

This is the space-filling model for sulfur dioxide, SO2.
This is the space-filling model for sulfur dioxide, SO2. Ben Mills

Sulfur Hexafluoride

Sulfur hexafluoride
Sulfur hexafluoride. ollaweila, Getty Images

Sulfur hexafluoride, SF6, is a colorless, odorless, nonflammable, nontoxic gas.

Sulfur Mustard

Sulfur mustards (e.g., mustard gas) are chemical warfare agents that form large blisters on exposed skin. They are usually colorless and odorless when pure, but yellow-brown with a mustard plant, garlic, or horseradish odor in the form used for warfare. wikipedia.org

Sulfuric Acid

Sulfuric acid
Sulfuric acid. LAGUNA DESIGN, Getty Images

Sorbitol

Sorbitol is a sugar alcohol that is also known as glucitol or hexane-hexol.
Sorbitol is a sugar alcohol that is also known as glucitol or (2S,3R,4R,5R)-Hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol. BorisTM, Wikipedia Commons

The molecular formula of sorbitol is C6H14O6.

Saccharin

Saccharin or benzoic sulfinide is an artificial sweetener.
Saccharin or benzoic sulfinide is an artificial sweetener. MOLEKUUL/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY, Getty Images

The molecular formula for saccharin is C7H5NO3S.

Sodium Chloride Ionic Crystal

This is the three-dimensional ionic structure of sodium chloride, NaCl.
This is the three-dimensional ionic structure of sodium chloride, NaCl. Sodium chloride is also known as halite or table salt. Ben Mills

Sodium chloride is the chemical name for table salt (NaCl). 

Sodium Acetate or Sodium Ethanoate

The molecular formula of sodium acetate or sodium ethanoate is C2H3NaO2. Sodium acetate has many uses. It is used to prepare buffers, to neutralize sulfuric acid, as a food additive, and to make heating pads.

Sodium Benzoate Structure

This is the skeletal chemical structure for sodium benzoate.
This is the skeletal chemical structure for sodium benzoate. Sodium benzoate is commonly used as a food preservative. Ben Mills

The molecular formula for benzoate is C7H5NaO2.

Sodium Cyclamate Structure

The molecular formula for sodium cyclamate is C6H12NNaO3S.

Sodium Nitrate Structure

This is the two-dimensional chemical structure of sodium nitrate.
This is the two-dimensional chemical structure of sodium nitrate, also known as "Chile saltpeter" or "Peru saltpeter". Ccroberts, public domain

Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate

The molecular formula for SDS is NaC12H25SO4.

Silver Nitrate Structure

The chemical formula of silver nitrate is AgNO3.

Serotonin Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of serotonin.
This is the chemical structure of serotonin. NEUROtiker/PD

The molecular formula for serotonin is C10H12N2O.

L-Serine Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of L-serine.
Amino Acid This is the chemical structure of L-serine. Todd Helmenstine

The molecular formula for L-serine is C3H7NO3.

D-Serine Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of D-serine.
Amino Acid This is the chemical structure of D-serine. Todd Helmenstine

The molecular formula for D-serine is C3H7NO3.

Serine Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of serine.
Amino Acid This is the chemical structure of serine. Todd Helmenstine

The molecular formula for serine is C3H7NO3.

Soman Chemical Structure

Chemical Weapon The nerve agent Soman, also known by its NATO designation GD (O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate), is a nerve agent that acts by inhibiting cholinesterase. Ben Mills

The molecular formula for Soman is C7H16FO2P.

Sucrose Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of sucrose.
This is the chemical structure of sucrose. Todd Helmenstine

The molecular formula for sucrose, saccharose or table sugar is C12H22O11.

Succinate(2−) Anion Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of the succinate(2−) anion.
This is the chemical structure of the succinate(2−) anion. Todd Helmenstine

The molecular formula for the succinate(2−) anion is C4H4O4.

SEX Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of SEX.
This is the chemical structure of SEX. Todd Helmenstine

The molecular formula for SEX is C142H156O17. The systematic name for SEX is [3-[2-[3-[7-[2-[[3-[[4-benzyl-3-hydroxy-2-[3-hydroxy-4-(3-hydroxy ​propyl)phenyl]phenyl]-hydroxy-methyl]-4-[2-[3-(2-hydroxyethyl)phe​ nyl]propyl]cyclohexyl]methyl]phenoxy]-2-[4-[3-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dihyd​ roxy-phenyl)methyl]phenyl]-3-[2-[2-[2-hydroxy-3-[3-[2-[3-(2-tetra​ hydropyran-2-ylethyl)phenyl]ethyl]phenyl]cyclohexyl]ethyl]phenyl]​ butyl]-9,10-dihydroanthracen-1-yl]-1,2-dihydroxy-propyl]-5-(2-hyd​ roxyethyl)-4-methyl-phenyl]phenyl]-[2,6-dihydroxy-3-(2-hydroxyeth​ yl)phenyl]methanone.

Safrole Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of safrole.
This is the chemical structure of safrole. Todd Helmenstine

The molecular formula for safrole is C10H10O2.

Salicin Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of salicin.
This is the chemical structure of salicin. Ben Mills/PD

The molecular formula for salicin is C13H18O7.

Salicylaldehyde Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of salicylaldehyde.
This is the chemical structure of salicylaldehyde. Yikrazuul/PD

The molecular formula for salicylaldehyde is C7H6O2.

Salvinorin A Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of salvinorin A.
This is the chemical structure of salvinorin A. Cacycle/PD

The molecular formula for salvinorin A is C23H28O8.

Sclareol Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of sclareol.
This is the chemical structure of sclareol. Edgar181/PD

The molecular formula for sclareol is C20H36O2.

Sebacic Acid Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of sebacic acid.
This is the chemical structure of sebacic acid. Edgar181/PD

The molecular formula for sebacic acid is C10H18O4.

Sebacoyl Chloride Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of sebacoyl chloride.
This is the chemical structure of sebacoyl chloride. Ben Mills/PD

The molecular formula for sebacoyl chloride is C10H16Cl2O2.

Selacholeic Acid Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of selacholeic acid.
This is the chemical structure of selacholeic acid. Todd Helmenstine

The molecular formula for selacholeic acid is C24H46O2.

Selenocysteine Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of selenocysteine.
This is the chemical structure of selenocysteine. Ben Mills/PD

The molecular formula for selenocysteine is C3H7NO2Se.

Selenomethionine Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of selenomethionine.
This is the chemical structure of selenomethionine. Ben Mills/PD

The molecular formula for selenomethionine is C5H11NO2Se.

Shikimic Acid Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of shikimic acid.
This is the chemical structure of shikimic acid. Ben Mills/PD

The molecular formula for shikimic acid is C7H10O5.

Sildenafil - Viagra Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of sildenafil.
This is the chemical structure of sildenafil. Yikrazuul/PD

The molecular formula for sildenafil is C22H30N6O4S.

Skatole Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of skatole.
This is the chemical structure of skatole. Dschanz/PD

The molecular formula for skatole is C9H9N.

Sorbic Acid Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of sorbic acid.
This is the chemical structure of sorbic acid. Chrumps/PD

The molecular formula for sorbic acid is C6H8O2.

Sotolon - Sotolone Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of sotolon, or sotolone.
This is the chemical structure of sotolon, or sotolone. Cacycle/PD

The molecular formula for sotolon is C6H8O2.

Spermidine Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of spermidine.
This is the chemical structure of spermidine. Ben Mills/PD

The molecular formula for spermidine is C6H8O3.

Squalene Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of squalene.
This is the chemical structure of squalene. Calvero/PD

The molecular formula for squalene is C30H50.

Stearic Acid - Octadecanoic Acid Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of stearic acid, also known as octadecanoic acid.
This is the chemical structure of stearic acid, also known as octadecanoic acid. Slashme/PD

The molecular formula for stearic acid is C18H36O2.

Strychnine Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of strychnine.
This is the chemical structure of strychnine. Calvero/PD

The molecular formula for strychnine is C21H22N2O2.

Succinic Anhydride Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of succinic anhydride.
This is the chemical structure of succinic anhydride. Alberrosidus/PD

The molecular formula for succinic anhydride is C4H4O3.

Sulfanilamide Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of sulfanilamide.
This is the chemical structure of sulfanilamide. Ben Mills/PD

The molecular formula for sulfanilamide is C6H8N2O2S.

Sulfanilic Acid Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of sulfanilic acid.
This is the chemical structure of sulfanilic acid. NEUROtiker/PD

The molecular formula for sulfanilic acid is C6H7NO3S.

Sulforhodamine B Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of sulforhodamine B.
This is the chemical structure of sulforhodamine B. Todd Helmenstine

The molecular formula for sulforhodamine B is C27H30N2S2O7.

Suxamethonium Chloride Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of suxamethonium chloride.
This is the chemical structure of suxamethonium chloride. Ben Mills/PD

The molecular formula for suxamethonium chloride is C14H30N2O4.

Siamenoside I Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of siamenoside I.
This is the chemical structure of siamenoside I. Todd Helmenstine

The molecular formula for siamenoside I is C54H92O24.

Sitocalciferol - Vitamin D5 Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of sitocalciferol or vitamin D5.
This is the chemical structure of sitocalciferol or vitamin D5. Todd Helmenstine

The molecular formula for sitocalciferol is C29H48O.

Synkamin - Vitamin K5 Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of synkamin.
This is the chemical structure of synkamin. Todd Helmenstine

The molecular formula for synkamin is C11H11NO.

Sodium Hypochlorite Structure

This is the chemical structure of sodium hypochlorite or bleach.
This is the chemical structure of sodium hypochlorite or bleach. Ben Mills

Sodium hypochlorite has the formula NaClO. It is also known as sodium chlorate or bleach.

Sodium Carbonate

This is the chemical structure of sodium carbonate.
This is the chemical structure of sodium carbonate. Mysid

Sodium carbonate is also known as soda ash or washing soda. The molecular formula for sodium carbonate is Na2CO3.

Siloxane Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure for a subunit of the polymer siloxane.
This is the chemical structure for a subunit of the polymer siloxane. Sei, Creative Commons License

A siloxane is any organosilicon compound composed of units of the form R2SiO, where R is a hydrogen atom or hydrocarbon group.

Sucralose Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure for sucralose, commonly sold under the brand name Splenda.
This is the chemical structure for sucralose, commonly sold under the brand name Splenda. Harbin, public domain

Sucralose or Splenda is an artificial sweetener with the IUPAC name 1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside. Its molecular formula is C12H19Cl3O8.

Sucralose Structure

This is the ball and stick molecular structure of sucralose or Splenda.
This is the ball and stick molecular structure of sucralose or Splenda. Ben Mills, public domain

The molecular formula for the artificial sweetener sucralose or Splenda is C12H19Cl3O8.

Senecionan Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of senecionan.
This is the chemical structure of senecionan. Todd Helmenstine

The molecular formula for senecionan is C18H29NO2.

Secondary Ketimine Group

The formula of the secondary ketimine functional group is RC(=NR)R'.
The formula of the secondary ketimine functional group is RC(=NR)R'. The secondary ketimine is a type of secondary imine. Ben Mills

Secondary Amine Group

A secondary amine group is a type of amine.
A secondary amine group is a type of amine. Ben Mills

The formula for a secondary amine is R2NH.

Secondary Aldimine Group

The secondary aldimine functional group has the formula RC(=NR')H. It is a type of imine.
The secondary aldimine functional group has the formula RC(=NR')H. It is a type of imine. Ben Mills

Sarpagan Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of sarpagan.
This is the chemical structure of sarpagan. Todd Helmenstine

The molecular formula for sarpagan is C19H22N2.

Sarin Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of sarin.
This is the chemical structure of sarin. Todd Helmenstine

The molecular formula for sarin is C4H10FO2P.

Samandarine Chemical Structure

This is the chemical structure of samandarine.
This is the chemical structure of samandarine. Todd Helmenstine

The molecular formula for samandarine is C19H31NO2.

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Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. "Chemical Structures Starting with the Letter S." ThoughtCo, Jun. 25, 2024, thoughtco.com/chemical-structures-starting-with-the-letter-s-4071311. Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. (2024, June 25). Chemical Structures Starting with the Letter S. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/chemical-structures-starting-with-the-letter-s-4071311 Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. "Chemical Structures Starting with the Letter S." ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/chemical-structures-starting-with-the-letter-s-4071311 (accessed April 1, 2025).