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Equations of State

Equations of state are thermodynamic equations which describe the state of matter under a given set of physical conditions. Here is a list of the equations of state, with worked examples of how to use them to describe and predict the properties of liquids and gases.

Ideal Gas Law

Here are some worked examples of Ideal Gas Law chemistry problems plus links to formulas for working gas problems and related chemistry tools and resources.

Boyle's Law

Here's an introduction to Boyle's Law, as well as a worked example problem and links to related resources.

Boyle's Law Calculation

Boyle's Law is a special case of the Ideal Gas Law in which the pressure and volume of an ideal gas are inversely proportional to each other, providing the temperature and mass of the gas are held constant. Here's an example of how to perform a calculation using Boyle's Law.

Charles' Law Calculation

Charles' Law is a specific instance of the Ideal Gas Law in which volume and temperature are linearly proportional at constant pressure and mass. Here's how to solve a direct proportion problem using Charles' Law.

Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures - Example

This is an example demonstrating how to determine the partial pressure of a gas in a mixed system of gases.

Ideal Gas Example - Constant Temperature

Here is an example of an ideal gas problem where the temperature of the gas is held constant.

Ideal Gas Example Problem - Constant Pressure

Here is an example of an ideal gas problem where the pressure of the gas is held constant.

Ideal Gas Example Problem - Constant Volume

Here is an example of an ideal gas problem where the volume of the gas is held constant.

Ideal Gas Example Problem - Unknown gas

This is an example of a problem where element or compound is unknown, but the mass and gas properties pressure, volume and temperature are known.

Ideal Gas Problem - Number of Moles

This example uses the ideal gas law to determine the number of moles of an ideal gas present in a system where pressure, volume and temperature are known.

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