Elements Listed by Density

Elements by Mass per Unit Volume

Copernicium chemical element
Evgeny Gromov / Getty Images

This is a list of the chemical elements according to increasing density (g/cm3) measured at standard temperature and pressure (100.00 kPa and zero degrees Celsius). As you would expect, the first elements in the list are gases. The densest gas element is either radon (monatomic), xenon (which forms Xe2 rarely), or possibly Oganesson (element 118). Oganesson may, however, be a liquid at room temperature and pressure. Under ordinary conditions, the least dense element is hydrogen, while the densest element is either osmium or iridium. Some of the superheavy radioactive elements are believed to have even higher density values than osmium or iridium, but not enough of them has been produced to perform measurements.

Elements From Least to Most Dense

Hydrogen 0.00008988
Helium 0.0001785
Neon 0.0008999
Nitrogen 0.0012506
Oxygen 0.001429
Fluorine 0.001696
Argon 0.0017837
Chlorine 0.003214
Krypton 0.003733
Xenon 0.005887
Radon 0.00973
Lithium 0.534
Potassium 0.862
Sodium 0.971
Rubidium 1.532
Calcium 1.54
Magnesium 1.738
Phosphorus 1.82
Beryllium 1.85
Francium 1.87
Caesium 1.873
Sulfur 2.067
Carbon 2.267
Silicon 2.3296
Boron 2.34
Strontium 2.64
Aluminium 2.698
Scandium 2.989
Bromine 3.122
Barium 3.594
Yttrium 4.469
Titanium 4.540
Selenium 4.809
Iodine 4.93
Europium 5.243
Germanium 5.323
Radium 5.50
Arsenic 5.776
Gallium 5.907
Vanadium 6.11
Lanthanum 6.145
Tellurium 6.232
Zirconium 6.506
Antimony 6.685
Cerium 6.770
Praseodymium 6.773
Ytterbium 6.965
Astatine ~7
Neodymium 7.007
Zinc 7.134
Chromium 7.15
Promethium 7.26
Tin 7.287
Tennessine 7.1-7.3 (predicted)
Indium 7.310
Manganese 7.44
Samarium 7.52
Iron 7.874
Gadolinium 7.895
Terbium 8.229
Dysprosium 8.55
Niobium 8.570
Cadmium 8.69
Holmium 8.795
Cobalt 8.86
Nickel 8.912
Copper 8.933
Erbium 9.066
Polonium 9.32
Thulium 9.321
Bismuth 9.807
Moscovium >9.807
Lutetium 9.84
Lawrencium >9.84
Actinium 10.07
Molybdenum 10.22
Silver 10.501
Lead 11.342
Technetium 11.50
Thorium 11.72
Thallium 11.85
Nihonium >11.85
Palladium 12.020
Ruthenium 12.37
Rhodium 12.41
Livermorium 12.9 (predicted)
Hafnium 13.31
Einsteinium 13.5 (Estimate)
Curium 13.51
Mercury 13.5336
Americium 13.69
Flerovium 14 (predicted)
Berkelium 14.79
Californium 15.10
Protactinium 15.37
Tantalum 16.654
Rutherfordium 18.1
Uranium 18.95
Tungsten 19.25
Gold 19.282
Roentgenium >19.282
Plutonium 19.84
Neptunium 20.25
Rhenium 21.02
Platinum 21.46
Darmstadtium >21.46
Osmium 22.610
Iridium 22.650
Seaborgium 35 (Estimate)
Meitnerium 35 (Estimate)
Bohrium 37 (Estimate)
Dubnium 39 (Estimate)
Hassium 41 (Estimate)
Fermium Unknown
Mendelevium Unknown
Nobelium Unknown
Copernicium (Element 112) unknown

Estimated Density

Note that many values listed above are estimates or calculations. Even for elements with known densities, the value measured depends on the form or allotrope of the element. For example, the density of pure carbon in diamond form is different from its density in graphite form.

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Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. "Elements Listed by Density." ThoughtCo, Aug. 29, 2020, thoughtco.com/elements-listed-by-density-606528. Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. (2020, August 29). Elements Listed by Density. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/elements-listed-by-density-606528 Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. "Elements Listed by Density." ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/elements-listed-by-density-606528 (accessed March 19, 2024).