Chemical Laws, Concepts, and Principles

Explore the major theories, laws, and principles of chemistry and learn how to apply them.

  • What is pH? Illustration
    pH Definition and Equation in Chemistry
  • Crenated red blood cells in a hypertonic solution.
    What Is a Hypertonic Solution?
  • chemists in a lab practicing reactivity of chemicals
    What Does Reactivity Mean in Chemistry?
  • Chemiluminescence occurs when chemical reactions release energy in the form of light
    What Is Chemiluminescence?
  • Litmus strips measuring an acid
    Acid Definition and Examples
  • A man adds acid to a beaker of water
    Strong Acid Definition and Examples
  • Closeup of a burning match
    Combustion Definition in Chemistry
  • Why does ice float?
    Ice and the Density of Water
  • boiling solution
    Colligative Properties of Solutions
  • general attack corrosion
    What is Corrosion?
  • Graph showing energy of electron orbitals by quantum energy number.
    Introduction to the Aufbau Principle in Chemistry
  • Illustration of an atomic nucleus showing orbiting electrons
    Nucleus Definition in Chemistry
  • colorful balls colliding
    Chemical Kinetics Definition in Chemistry
  • Pouring vinegar into spoon with baking soda
    Chemical Change Definition in Chemistry
  • Solubility is a measure of how well one substance dissolves into another.
    Solubility Definition in Chemistry
  • Man holding up a chicken and an egg
    Dependent Variable vs. Independent Variable: What Is the Difference?
  • Avogadro's Law is one of the gas laws.
    Avogadro's Law Example Problem
  • Scientist pouring liquid into a conical flask
    Saturated Solution Definition and Examples
  • A pH indicator changes color in response to changes in acidity or alkalinity.
    pH Indicator Definition and Examples
  • The limiting reactant determines how much product you can get.
    Limiting Reactant Definition (Limiting Reagent)
  • Lewis structure of carbon dioxide along with its ball and stick model.
    Lewis Structure Definition and Example
  • Female scientist preparing an x-ray diffractometer
    Ionic Radius Definition and Trend
  • Heterogenous mixture examples
    What Is a Heterogeneous Mixture? Definition and Examples
  • The Combined Gas Law is a combination of three ideal gas laws.
    The Combined Gas Law in Chemistry
  • Sodium hydroxide
    Base Definition in Chemistry
  • Gauge or meter Tools for repairing air
    The Formula for Boyle's Law
  • Heme is an example of a coenzyme or cofactor that contains both an organic and inorganic component
    Coenzyme Definition and Examples
  • Radioactive isotopes stores in lead boxes
    Isotope Definition and Examples in Chemistry
  • Graphic rendering of electrons surrounding an atom.
    Electron Domain Definition and VSEPR Theory
  • This periodic table indicates each element's electronegativity.
    What Is Electronegativity and How Does It Work?
  • spherical plasma lamp
    Plasma Definition in Chemistry and Physics
  • An alkoxide forms when an alcohol is reacted with a metal.
    Alkoxide Definition in Chemistry
  • Saline drips contain buffers to help maintain blood pH.
    Buffer Definition in Chemistry and Biology
  • A polar bond is a type of covalent chemical bond.
    Polar Bond Definition and Examples
  • Oxidation
    Oxidation Definition and Example in Chemistry
  • A modern car engine
    Enthalpy Definition in Chemistry and Physics
  • A Word Equation States the Reactants and Products in a Chemical Reaction by Names Rather Than Formulas.
    What Is a Word Equation in Chemistry?
  • Types of chemical weathering: reaction with water, reaction with oxygen, reaction with acid, reactions with organisms
    4 Types and Examples of Chemical Weathering
  • Gold sometimes occurs in nature as a pure element.
    What Is a Chemical Element?
  • pH paper is a type of indicator
    What Is a Chemical Indicator?
  • Rendering of acetate in 3D.
    Acetate Definition in Chemistry
  • A man using a mass spectrometer
    Mass Spectrometry - What It Is and How It Works
  • protons in an atom.
    Atomic Number Definition
  • The Bronsted-Lowry acid-base theory identifies acid-base pairs based on proton transfer.
    Bronsted Lowry Theory of Acids and Bases
  • Salzgitter AG Steel Works. corrosion prevention
    Corrosion Prevention for Metals
  • Spheres on threads concept
    What Are Newton's Laws of Motion?
  • Beer's Law: the amount of absorbed light is proportional to solution concentration.
    Beer's Law Definition and Equation
  • Clouds in the sky.
    What Is the Density of Air at STP?
  • Water molecules
    Hydrogen Bond Definition and Examples
  • In a solution, concentration is the amount of solute per volume of solvent.
    Concentration Definition (Chemistry)
  • Arginine, like other amino acids, is characterized by having an amino end and a carboxyl end.
    Amino Acid Definition and Examples
  • liquids being poured from lab glassware into a beaker
    Reversible Reaction Definition and Examples
  • The puffball mushroom
    Hygroscopic Definition in Chemistry
  • Ester functional group formula.
    What Is an Ester in Chemistry?
  • The equivalence point is when the analyte solution is neutralized.
    Equivalence Point Definition
  • Emulsion of oil and water.
    Emulsion Definition and Examples
  • Chemistry Lesson
    Empirical Formula: Definition and Examples
  • Close up of a direction finder antenna
    Dipole Definition in Chemistry and Physics
  • Methane molecule
    Coordination Number Definition in Chemistry
  • Molecules have energy, so they are always in motion. This generates electric dipoles.
    Van der Waals Forces: Properties and Components
  • Diagram illustrating the process of chemical precipitation
    Precipitate Definition and Example in Chemistry
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