Variables in science and mathematics need a symbol to represent them when they are written. A scholar would need a new symbol to represent their new idea and Greek was one of the tools at hand. Applying a Greek letter to a symbol became second nature.
Today, while Greek and Latin aren't on every student's curriculum, the Greek alphabet is learned as needed. The table below lists all twenty four letters in both upper and lowercase of the Greek alphabet used in science and mathematics.
| Name | Upper Case | Lower Case |
| Alpha | Α | α |
| Beta | Β | β |
| Gamma | Γ | γ |
| Delta | Δ | δ |
| Epsilon | Ε | ε |
| Zeta | Ζ | ζ |
| Eta | Η | η |
| Theta | Θ | θ |
| Iota | Ι | ι |
| Kappa | Κ | κ |
| Lambda | Λ | λ |
| Mu | Μ | μ |
| Nu | Ν | ν |
| Xi | Ξ | ξ |
| Omicron | Ο | ο |
| Pi | Π | π |
| Rho | Ρ | ρ |
| Sigma | Σ | σ |
| Tau | Τ | τ |
| Upsilon | Υ | υ |
| Phi | Φ | φ |
| Chi | Χ | χ |
| Psi | Ψ | ψ |
| Omega | Ω | ω |
