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Glycolysis

From Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D., About.com

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Glycolysis is the name given to the series of biochemical reactions in which glucose is converted into pyruvate. This important part of carbohydrate catabolism takes place in the cytoplasm of cells. Several reactions take place, with products that are vital to the functioning of the cell.

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Glycolysis serves as the foundation for both aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration.GlycolysisThe first step in glycolysis is the conversion of D-glucose into glucose-6-phosphate.Glucose to Glucose 6-PhosphateThe second reaction of glycolysis is the rearrangement of G6P into F6P.G6P to F6PPhosphofructokinase changes fructose 6-phosphate into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.F6P to F1,6BP
Aldolase splits the hexose ring of glucose 1,6-bisphosphate into two triose sugars.Cleaving the Hexose RingTriosephosphate isomerase converts dihydroxyacetone phosphate into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.DHAP to GADPGAPDH changes glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate into 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate.GADP to 1,3BPGPhosphoglycerate kinase changes 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate.1,3BPG to 3PG
Phosphoglycerate mutase changes 3-phosphoglycerate into 2-phosphoglycerate.3PG to 2PGEnolase with magnesium as a cofactor changes 2-phosphoglycerate into phosphoenolpyruvate.2PG to PEPPyruvate kinase with magnesium as a cofactor changes phosphoenolpyruvate into pyruvate.Phosphenolpyruvate to PyruvateOxidative decarboxylation is the route most organisms take to enter the citric acid cycle.Oxidative Decarboxylation

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