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The Best Water Filters, From Pitchers to Whole-Home Systems

Water filters we recommend on a blue background

The Spruce Eats / Amelia Manley

Deal Alert! Frizzlife Under Sink Water Filter System, one of our favorite water filters, is marked down right now.

Water filters help improve the flavor of your water and protect you from certain impurities, such as rust particles, bacteria, and lead. Sure, bottled water is easily available as a quick and (initially) cheap solution, but water filters are much more sustainable, help you conserve water, and can save you money in the long run.

There are countless types on the market today, each differing in what they remove from your water. These include under-sink filters, faucet attachments, whole-house filtration systems, pitcher filters, and more, designed to deliver clean H2O and even better-tasting coffee.

FYI

Each item included in this roundup has either been certified by the NSF, a health and safety standards testing company, or tested and certified by an independent third party to meet NSF standards.

Best Overall

APEC Water Systems Essence 5-Stage Reverse Osmosis Water Filter System

APEC Water Systems ROES-50 Essence 5-Stage 50 GPD Reverse Osmosis Water System

Amazon

What We Like
  • Uses five stages of filtering

  • Easy to install

  • Water tastes very clean

What We Don't Like
  • Takes up ample under-sink space

A highly efficient system and also an attractive option, this reverse osmosis filtration system is designed to be placed under the sink; it can, however, also be placed in a basement or attached garage with the water routed to the sink with the included faucet. Along with the typical lead and other heavy metals, bacteria, and chlorine, this removes as many as 1,000 different unwanted contaminants from water.

This system uses five separate stages of filtration to remove 99 percent of contaminants. It has a sediment filter, two stages of carbon filters, a reverse osmosis filter, and a coconut fiber filter. Filters need to be changed at different intervals; the first three last six to 12 months, while the two stages can last two to four years.

Installation is designed to be a DIY project, but specialized tools may be required to install the faucet if there isn’t already a hole drilled into the sink or counter. Still, most reviewers like that the instructions are very clear and that the system is relatively quick and easy to install.

Type: Under-sink | Certified By: WQA | Contaminants Filtered: Chlorine, VOCs, fluoride, lead nitrates, heavy metals +more | Filter Replacement Frequency: Stages 1-3 every 6-12 months, stages 4-5 every 2-4 years

Best Small Pitcher

Brita 6 Cup Water Filter Pitcher

Brita 5-Cup Water Filter Pitcher

Amazon

Our Ratings
  • Taste
    5/5
  • Ease of Use
    4/5
  • Value
    5/5
What We Like
  • Affordable filters

  • Slim shape

  • WQA- and NSF-certified

What We Don't Like
  • Low capacity

  • Standard filter doesn't remove lead

When it comes to water filtration, Brita is a well-known household name. The company has a suite of water filter products, but if you need to save on space, the 5-cup capacity water filter pitcher is the way to go. Thanks to its small size and slim design, it fits easily inside your fridge.

It's one of the more affordable pitchers on the market, and replacing the standard filters won't break the bank either. These WQA- and NSF-certified filters reduce containments including cadmium, mercury, chlorine, copper, and zinc. That said, if you want to filter out lead, benzene, and other potentially harmful chemicals, you'll need to upgrade to Brita's elite filters. It's recommended to swap out filters every six months, though the handy electronic indicator will let you know when it's time.

We tested the pitcher in our Lab and set up a blind taste test between unfiltered tap water and tap water run through the Brita. The difference was immediately noticeable. We were impressed by how thoroughly the filter pitcher reduced the metallic and chlorine taste in the tap water. Though you may need to refill it more frequently than larger-capacity models, the convenience of its size makes it well worthwhile.

Type: Pitcher | Certified By: NSF, WQA | Contaminants Filtered: Cadmium, mercury, chlorine, copper, zinc, + more | Filter Replacement Frequency: Every 6 months (or 120 gallons)

Best Large Pitcher

Pur Classic Water Filter Pitcher

PUR Classic Water Filter

Walmart

Our Ratings
  • Taste
    4/5
  • Ease of Use
    5/5
  • Value
    5/5
What We Like
  • Filters quickly

  • Easy to fill

  • Filter change indicator light

What We Don't Like
  • Standard filter can't reduce lead

Slightly larger than most filter pitchers on the market, the Pur Classic holds up to 11 cups of water. Even with a hefty size like that, it filters surprisingly quickly. In our test, it took only three minutes to filter a full water reservoir—about half the pitcher. We also love how easy it to fill thanks to the simple flip lid on top.

Unlike many other models, this Pur Classic can actually filter water as it pours, meaning you can get crisp, clean water quite quickly. You don't have to worry about leaks or drips either, because the lid fits snugly onto the pitcher to keep everything sturdy and secure.

Knowing when to change out the filter is easy thanks to the indicator light on top of the pitcher. With the standard Pur filters, this pitcher is able to reduce the amount of chlorine, physical substances, and common containments in the water. The more advanced Pur Plus filters are certified to remove benzene, pesticides, and other substances, though they are more expensive and tend to filter water more slowly.

Type: Pitcher | Certified By: NSF, WQA | Contaminants Filtered: chlorine, mercury, copper, zinc + more. | Filter Replacement Frequency: Every 2 months (or 40 gallons)

Best Faucet Attachment

PUR Faucet Water Filtration System

PUR PFM400H Faucet Water Filtration System

 Amazon

What We Like
  • Easy to install

  • Attractive design

  • Indicates when filter needs replacing

What We Don't Like
  • Doesn't work with pull-down faucets

When an under-sink filter is too much trouble but pitchers aren’t sufficient, a faucet attachment is an alternative option. Many customers who rated this filter highly did so because of how simple it is to install: It mounts easily to the existing faucet without any tools. Plus, it removes a host of common contaminants like lead and other heavy metals, chlorine, pesticides, and more. The internal filter is easy to change, which is necessary every two to three months based on average water use. A sensor checks the filter and indicates when it’s time for a change, so there’s no need to track time or usage.

Since there are plenty of times when filtered water isn’t required, this makes it simple to switch filtering on and off—so drinking water is clean and cold brew coffee tastes right, but the dishes can be rinsed in unfiltered water. This attachment includes three different adapters to fit common faucets, but it won’t work with pull-down or handheld faucets.

Type: Faucet attachment | Certified By: NSF, WQA | Contaminants Filtered: Lead, mercury, certain pesticides +more | Filter Replacement Frequency: Ever 3 months or 100 gallons

Best Whole-House System

Aquasana Whole House Water Filter System

Aquasana Whole House Water Filter System

 Amazon

What We Like
  • Doesn't require electricity to set up

  • Can last through 1 million gallons

  • Filters for shower and tub

What We Don't Like
  • Expensive

  • Can be challenging to install

Most water filtration systems are designed for kitchen use only, but if the local water supply is so off-putting that brushing your teeth makes your mouth feel dirtier than before, a whole-house filtration system may be the best option. Not only will the water from all the faucets be clean and drinkable, but the water for your shower or tub will also be filtered.

This system filters and conditions the water, so it removes heavy metals, chlorine, pesticides, and contaminants. Several customers who typically deal with hard city water treated with heavy chlorine claim that the odor was completely removed and their water was softened adequately. A less expensive option that filters but doesn’t condition is also available, as are several other filtering options, so there’s something for every need. The system itself is rated to last for 10 years or 1 million gallons, but filters need to be changed about every three months.

Note that while all of Aquasana's filtering systems are NSF-certified to remove PFOA and PFOS, the whole-house system in its entirety is not certified because the company cannot guarantee that contaminants are not in the house's pipes and being picked up after going through the system.

Type: Whole-house | Certified By: NSF | Contaminants Filtered: Chlorine, lead, pesticides, VOCs +more | Filter Replacement Frequency: Every 6-12 months

Best Countertop Dispenser

Pur Plus Dispenser

Amazon Pur Plus 30-Cup Dispenser

Amazon

Our Ratings
  • Taste
    5/5
  • Ease of Use
    4.2/5
  • Value
    5/5
What We Like
  • Slim design

  • Holds 30 cups of water

  • Indicates when filter needs replacing

What We Don't Like
  • Some say filtration is slow

This countertop dispenser holds 30 cups of water, which eliminates the need to filter batch after batch for larger families or cooking projects. It’s certified to remove 99 percent of lead, along with 22 other contaminants, and can filter up to 40 gallons of water before the filter needs to be changed. 

The proprietary filter cap ensures that only filtered water moves from the top reservoir to the bottom, so unfiltered water won’t mix in. This is designed to fit in the sink for convenient filling and is well balanced, so it’s easy to move to the counter where it will be used. Several customers say the dispenser was very easy to set up and operate, though some note that it takes some time to filter water.

Type: Countertop | Certified By: WQA | Contaminants Filtered: Lead, chlorine +more | Capacity: 18 cups | Filter Replacement Frequency: Every 2 months

Best Water Bottle

Brita Insulated Filtered Water Bottle

Brita Insulated Filtered Water Bottle with Straw

 Amazon

Our Ratings
  • Drinkability
    4.5/5
  • Seal
    4.5/5
  • Portability
    5/5
  • Insulation
    5/5
  • Durability
    4/5
What We Like
  • Sturdy construction

  • Filter is easy to install

  • Dishwasher-safe

What We Don't Like
  • Straw can be difficult to clean

There may be some instances when you only need to filter one serving of water, like at work, on vacation, or on a hike. In this case, your best option may be a reusable water bottle with a filter, such as the Brita Hard Sided Water Bottle.

This handy 26-ounce water bottle is made from BPA-free hard plastic, and it has a built-in carbon filter that will remove impurities from up to 40 gallons of tap water. The water bottle is dishwasher-safe and fits in most car cup holders. The manufacturer recommends changing the filter every two months, and reviewers say it's the perfect reusable water bottle to take on vacation to areas where you might not have clean tap water.

Type: Water bottle | Certified By: WQA | Contaminants Filtered: Chlorine taste and odor | Capacity: 26 ounces | Filter Replacement Frequency: Every 2 months of 40 gallons

Best for Easy Filter Replacement

Waterdrop 10UB Under Sink Drinking Water Filtration System

Waterdrop 10UB Under Sink Drinking Water Filtration System

 Amazon

What We Like
  • Retains minerals

  • Water tastes good

  • Requires minimal under-sink space

What We Don't Like
  • Need to drill hole for faucet install

  • Not certified for lead removal

This water filter removes chlorine and heavy metals but leaves behind the minerals that help water taste good, so it’s perfect for a refreshing drink or for making the perfect cup of tea, lemonade, or cocktails. Unlike under-sink filters that filter all the water used—including water for washing dishes—this comes with a dedicated faucet so you can have filtered water when you want it while not wasting filtered water for washing and rinsing.

This can produce up to 0.75 gallons of filtered water per minute, so there’s no waiting when filling a pitcher. Even users with no experience with plumbing praised the ease of installation, and they also praised the easy filter replacement. According to the manufacturer, changing the filter takes just three seconds.

The filter is good for 8,000 gallons of water before it needs to be replaced, but for people who use a lot of water, a 16,000-gallon model is also available. For renters or people who don’t want to drill a hole for the dedicated faucet, there are models that connect to the faucet to filter all of the water.

Type: Under-sink | Certified By: WQA | Contaminants Filtered: Chlorine, sediment, rust, and other heavy metals | Filter Replacement Frequency: 8,000 gallons (roughly 12 months)

Best Under-Sink System

Frizzlife Under Sink Water Filter System

Frizzlife MK99 Under Sink Water Filter System

Amazon

What We Like
  • Easy and quick installation

  • Fast water flow

  • Doesn't require frequent filter changes

What We Don't Like
  • Unclear what filtration method is used

  • Filters difficult to change

Users rave about this under-sink filtration system, saying it drastically improves water taste and quality, is easy to install, and is very cost-effective. It filters quickly and efficiently, so it doesn't impede the speed of your water flow. It seems to be an activated carbon filter, and although the system's marketing does not clarify which filtration method is used, it has been tested to meet NSF/ANSI standards.

One thing that some users note is that the filters are tricky to change, even though the initial installation is so easy. Likewise, it's not entirely clear when the filters need to be replaced; they may need to be replaced as often as every eight months for water sources with heavy contaminant loads or as infrequently as every two years for less-contaminated water sources. Overall, despite some filter replacement challenges, users say they still absolutely love this system.

Type: Under-sink | Certified By: IAPMO R&T against NSF/ANSI 42/53 | Contaminants Filtered: Lead, chlorine, heavy metals, VOCs, and more | Filter Replacement Frequency: Every 8 months to 2 years depending on water quality

Final Verdict

The APEC Top Tier 5-Stage Ultra Safe Reverse Osmosis Drinking Water Filter System earns our top spot because of its five-stage filtering system and simple installation. If neither under-sink filters nor pitchers are options, try the PUR PFM400H Faucet Water Filtration System; it's attractive, effective, and you don't need tools to install it.

What to Look for in a Water Filter

Filtration Method

The contaminants that a water filter can remove will depend in part on what type of filtration method it uses. Some filters are designed to remove microbes like bacteria, some remove particulates like dirt and microplastics, some remove heavy metals, and some remove a combination. The following are common types of filters and the contaminants they typically remove:

  • Activated carbon: Water is percolated through a mass of special carbon solids that adsorb (not absorb) sediment, some heavy metals, chloramines, volatile organic compounds, and other impurities. This method is typically used for under-sink and countertop filters. If your water supply has a serious heavy metal problem or needs to be disinfected before being safe to drink, activated carbon filters won't cut it, but they're suitable for your typical U.S. household.
  • Reverse osmosis: Water is pushed through a semi-permeable membrane to filter out a broad spectrum of contaminants, from microbes to heavy metals to pharmaceuticals. Reverse osmosis is typically used for under-sink filters and whole-home systems, though there are some high-tech countertop R.O. water filters now on the market. One major critique of reverse osmosis is that it removes healthy minerals from water.
  • Ion exchange: Water is filtered through ion-exchange resins, which are synthetic bead-like materials that swap the charged contaminant matter with charged ions. This method is typically used by under-sink filters and whole-home filtration systems to remove heavy metals and decrease the water's hardness.
  • Mechanical filtration: This is the simplest method, in which water is passed through a mesh cartridge or filter that trap particles that are too large to pass through. This works well for sediment, but smaller contaminants like bacteria, heavy metals, and chlorine require more advanced filtration.
  • Ultraviolet light: Water is exposed to UV light to deactivate organisms like bacteria and parasites. (It sounds like pseudoscience, but the light damages the nucleic acids of the microbes' DNA, rendering them incapable of replicating.) This method doesn't remove any particulates like sediment, chemicals, or heavy metals, but it can disinfect unsafe water for whole houses at a time.
  • Electrodialysis: Electricity is used to split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen, which kills pathogens. This is mostly used for very large-scale water filtration and requires a lot of electricity.

Purpose

Water filters can remove contaminants like heavy metals and man-made chemicals from your water. If you are on well water, have old pipes, or live in an area with unsafe drinking water, you may need a water filter to remove contaminants like lead or actual particles like sand.

If you are on city water, you can look at the annual water reports to see what kinds of contaminants are in that water. Even if your municipal water is safe, you may have old pipes that could be leaching contaminants into your water. Adding a water filter can help remove those impurities and is much more convenient than water delivery services. Filters certified to remove chlorine, for example, can also encourage hydration by making water more enjoyable to drink.

Independent Certifications 

Because effective filtration is so important (and because it’s so hard to actually be able to tell if it’s working), certification is one of the only ways you can actually be sure your water filter is removing the contaminants its packaging claims. The NSF is one certifying body—other certifications to look for are the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the Water Quality Association (WQA). There is no one-size-fits-all certification, so it’s important to know what you want removed from your water. For example, the NSF offers certification for removing a certain amount of chlorine and a separate one for removing lead. The more certifications a filter has, the more contaminants it can remove. 

Rick Andrew of NSF International cautions that you just need to make sure your filter is actually certified. Marketing jargon to look out for includes “filters to NSF standards,” which does not mean it has been independently tested. An earlier version of our list included several water filters that were removed based on similar language that made it unclear whether they were independently tested.

Capacity

You will want to consider your household’s water consumption when purchasing a filter. A smaller pitcher may be fine for a dorm or apartment, but for larger households or using filtered water for cooking, faucet or under-sink filters may make more sense. Refilling a pitcher doesn’t take a huge amount of time, but if you need to do it several times a day, it can be a pain.

Filter Replacement

Filter cost and replacement frequency is another thing to consider. A water filtration system is only as good as its filters, so be sure to factor in their price, availability, and frequency of needing to be replaced. Some filters require their inserts to be replaced every couple of months, whereas some types can go a year or so before they need to be replaced. Make sure to pay attention to the manufacturer's instructions, since neglecting to replace a filter can result in a drastic drop in its effectiveness.

Cost

Water filtration systems can cost up to thousands of dollars, while smaller pitchers can go for around $20. You can get an affordable water filter for personal use without spending much, but make sure to look for certifications. Also, consider the cost of the water filter and how often it will have to be replaced when deciding what you want to spend. 

Authenticity

Not all water filters on the market do what they say they do, and you don't want to get caught with a fake. "Counterfeits are a problem for a number of reasons," says Rick Andrew, Director of NSF International's Global Business Development. "First and foremost, they likely won’t remove the contaminants you expect them to and could therefore pose a health risk. Also, if they are made with substandard materials that leach, they could actually make your water worse. The number one indicator of a counterfeit is price. Counterfeit filters and replacement cartridges usually cost significantly less than authentic certified products." This is why it's super important to make sure your filter is certified.

Types of Water Filters

When we think of water filters, a pitcher is the first thing that comes to mind, but filters can be used at almost every point of water's journey through your home. 

Whole-Home Systems 

Whole-home systems filter all the water coming into your home. The most common kind, says Andrew, "is a water softener that will help remove minerals and 'soften' your water." Since hard water is bad for pipes and water fixtures, a whole-house filtration system makes the most sense. Because this type of system filters water for the whole house, it's often expensive and time-intensive to set up. 

There are two reasons to get a water filtration system, explains Andrew. For drinking water in the United States, it's more likely that you’ll want a filter to improve taste or remove hard minerals and protect your pipes. Hard water (i.e., water with high mineral content) can damage pipes and water fixtures with buildup.

One word of caution about whole-house systems: According to the CDC, "Filtering that removes chlorine might increase the growth of germs in all the pipes in your house."

Under-Sink 

If you are filtering for contaminants or taste in your drinking water, a point-of-use filter is also an option. These can be filters that attach to the sink or under the sink where you get drinking water. Andrew emphasizes that whole-house filtration, unless you are on a well, is generally only for softening water, and that these point-of-use systems are sufficient if you’re filtering out contaminants. Under-sink filters are often easier to install than whole-home systems, but are more expensive than faucet attachments or pitchers. 

Faucet Attachments 

Like under-sink filters, faucet attachments offer instant access to filtered water at a place where you would be getting drinking water, such as the kitchen sink. These filters can typically be attached to most standard sinks, though they won't work with some other sink setups, such as a pull-down faucet with a spray nozzle. A faucet attachment will typically allow you to filter only the water you want to drink and let unfiltered water come through for things like washing dishes. If you are only filtering to improve taste, this should be sufficient. This type of system also puts less pressure on the filter by only filtering the water you need. 

Pitchers

Pitchers don’t offer the convenience of a sink filter because they need to be refilled, but Andrew says, "Some people prefer pitchers because they allow you to chill filtered water, which can make it more enjoyable to drink." It’s also the easiest to set up. Furthermore, if you are only filtering water for taste, you may find a faucet filter to be bulky and unnecessary while you do things like wash hands or dishes at the sink. Again, this comes down to preference, and both faucet attachments and pitchers are capable of filtering out contaminants. 

Countertop 

Countertop water filtration systems work similarly to faucet filters by diverting water from the sink into a filtration system with its own tap. Other countertop filtration systems need to be filled, acting like water coolers, and these can be bulkier than pitchers but require less frequent refilling. They do offer the advantage of allowing you to place filtered water anywhere in your home, away from a water source. 

Bottles

Special water bottles can filter water as you fill the bottle or drink, and they can be certified by the NSF and ANSI. Water bottles can be a great option if you want to drink filtered water on the go, and they're a great alternative to buying bottled water. However, certain filter bottles are only designed to remove contaminants from treated municipal water, so if you want a water filter for hiking or traveling in places without clean drinking water, you’ll need to be extra sure that the filtration system you're buying can remove bacteria and other organisms. 

While filters of all types can do a great job of removing contaminants, Andrew says, "No filter can actually remove all contaminants." Any filter that claims it can remove all or 100 percent of contaminants is misrepresenting itself, and no certifying body would verify those claims. "The technology just doesn’t exist," Andrew says. 

Maintenance 

Water filter systems, no matter the size or type, are not a one-and-done purchase. Filters don’t last forever; they'll eventually stop effectively filtering water. This can have two effects, Andrew says. For starters, the water can start to flow more slowly through the filter itself. More seriously, the filter can stop effectively filtering water, letting the contaminants stay in the water. Filters all come with a lifespan, from a few months to a few years. NSF certifications test to ensure that the filter can continue to remove contaminants for as long as its listed lifespan and even allow for a little bit of time on the end. 

“But at some point, it's just not going to work anymore,” Andrew says. Replacing your water filter per manufacturer instructions is just as important as purchasing the right filtration system in the first place. 

Accessories 

As brands try to set themselves apart in the filtration space, different accessories and add-ons have popped up, such as Bluetooth capabilities and sensors to monitor filter effectiveness. While these can be appealing bells and whistles, they are not necessary; if you follow manufacturer guidelines on replacing filters, for example, the sensor isn't needed. Ultimately, what matters is if the filter itself is capable of removing the impurities you want removed. 

FAQs

Do you need a water filter?

In short, it depends on your water supply. Some tap and well water supplies are completely safe to drink without filtering first, whereas some municipalities' water reports will show contaminants that you may want to filter out. Likewise, the pipes where you live may be old and prone to leaching contaminants like heavy metals into an otherwise-fine water supply. If you simply don't like the taste or smell of your tap water, a relatively inexpensive filter can help remove the chlorine and take care of the issue.

Which water filters remove the most contaminants?

While there are a variety of water filtration systems, no one type is inherently better (or worse) at filtering out contaminants. The same types of filters can remove different contaminants depending on how it was manufactured and certified. This is why experts recommend knowing what kinds of contaminants you want to be removed rather than simply looking for a filter that removes a lot of contaminants. If you are unsure of what is in your local water, you can get a water report. 

Do water filters remove bacteria? 

"NSF certifies filters that remove bacteria under a standard called P231," says Andrew, but those tend to be designed for activities like camping, when you may need to drink water from a stream. If you have specific concerns about bacteria in your drinking water, be sure to buy a filtration system certified specifically to remove bacteria. When in doubt, you can boil your filtered or unfiltered water as an added safety precaution against bacteria.

Can you filter any type of water? 

In short, absolutely. Water filters can be used for city and well water and on both soft and hard (high mineral level) water. Just be aware of what you are hoping to remove; a whole-house system specifically designed to remove minerals from hard water, for example, won’t work the same as a pitcher that removes chlorine for flavor. 

Do water filters remove fluoride? 

Yes, certain types do. If you have a preference, be sure to check your filter’s certification. 

Do water filters remove PFAS?

There are water filters that remove polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) very effectively and filters that only have partial efficacy in removing them. If this is an area of concern for you, make sure you pick a filter that specifies removing PFAS.

How long do water filters last? 

Water filtration systems are only as good as the filters within them. Nearly all are designed to be replaced, and all certifications are done with the life of the filter in mind. So if your filter needs to be replaced every six months, NSF will test each filter to ensure a six-month lifespan. If filters are replaced regularly, the filtration system itself can last for years. 

Why Trust The Spruce Eats?

Donna Currie has lived and worked in areas of the country where the water was rated in the top 10 in the country…and she’s lived in areas where the water was decidedly unpleasant. Over the years, she’s tested a variety of models and done her research on the rest.

Commerce editors Taylor Rock and Fran Sales researched and contributed to this piece, as did Katya Weiss-Andersson, a writer and editor who has nearly a decade of experience as a professional chef. Allison Wignall, staff writer for The Spruce Eats, further updated it with taste-testing insights from our water filter pitcher Lab test.

Sources

Rick Andrew is the Director of Global Business Development of Water Systems at the National Science Foundation. He has 30 years of experience in preserving and maintaining clean drinking water and is responsible for NSF’s global sales and structuring of water-related programs.

Additional reporting by
Marshall Bright,
Marshall Bright
Marshall Bright is a freelance writer covering food and cooking for The Spruce Eats. A self-taught home chef, Marshall is passionate about making home cooking approachable and fun for more people.
Learn about The Spruce Eats' Editorial Process
Taylor Rock,
taylor rock the spruce eats
Taylor is an editor on the commerce team, where she creates and edits copy for The Spruce Eats. She joined Dotdash Meredith in November 2020, but her admiration for food and drink is lifelong.
Learn about The Spruce Eats' Editorial Process
Fran Sales,
Fran Sales
Fran is an associate editor for The Spruce Eats, where she helps with managing product testing operations, as well as creating and editing content. 
Learn about The Spruce Eats' Editorial Process
Allison Wignall,
Allison Wignall The Spruce Eats

Allison Wignall is a staff writer for The Spruce Eats who focuses on product reviews. She has also contributed to publications such as Food & Wine, Travel + Leisure, and Southern Living.

Learn about The Spruce Eats' Editorial Process
and
Katya Weiss-Andersson
Katya Weiss-Andersson
Katya Weiss-Andersson is a commerce editor for The Spruce Eats. With eight years of experience as a professional chef cooking in cramped kitchens and developing recipes with limited space and equipment, Katya has become an expert on how to make life easier in the kitchen.
Learn about The Spruce Eats' Editorial Process
Article Sources
The Spruce Eats uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Choosing Home Water Filters. CDC.gov.

  2. Geerts, Robbe et al. Bottle Or Tap? Toward An Integrated Approach To Water Type ConsumptionWater Research, vol 173, 2020, p. 115578. Elsevier BV, doi:10.1016/j.watres.2020.115578

  3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Preventing Waterborne Germs At Home. CDC.gov.

  4. PFOA/PFOS in Drinking Water. NSF.org,

  5. Environmental Protection Agency. Basic Information About Lead in Drinking Water. EPA.gov,

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